IBM® SPSS® Amos™ 28

Amos can estimate any function of the model parameters, complete with bootstrap standard errors, confidence intervals and significance tests. You specify your own estimand (the quantity that you want to estimate) by writing a program in Visual Basic or in C#. This is easier than it sounds. Typically, when you want to estimate some new quantity, it is a very simple function of quantities that Amos already calculates. For example, your estimand is likely to be the difference between two values that Amos already calculates, or maybe a sum, a product or a ratio. In such cases, the program that you need to write consists of a single line of code, along with some boilerplate code that Amos writes for you.

A simplified approach to user-defined estimands will meet many needs, although it has some limitations. A more general approach has no such limitations, but is harder to use.